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- WORLD, Page 30Goodbye Lenin, Hello St. Peter
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- Vladimir Ilyich Lenin must be turning over in his mausoleum.
- He was never one for personality cults, but to strip his name
- from the city that gave birth to the communist revolution is the
- ultimate repudiation of what he stood for. That is precisely
- what the residents of Leningrad resolved to do last week.
- According to preliminary results of a referendum organized by
- the reformist city council, 55% voted to restore the town's old
- name of St. Petersburg.
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- Actually, that should be Sankt-Peterburg, which is the
- Dutch name Peter the Great gave the city when he founded it in
- 1703 on a swamp on the shore of the Gulf of Finland. Choosing
- a European version of his patron saint's name to underscore his
- cosmopolitan ambitions, Peter built the elegant port as a window
- to the West, intending to yank his fusty country toward the
- future. When the Russians went to war against Germany in 1914,
- the city's Teutonic appellation suddenly became politically
- incorrect. Emperor Nicholas II's solution was to Russify the
- name, making it Petrograd. So it remained until 1924, when Lenin
- died, prompting the Bolshevik government to rechristen the city
- in his honor. It was there, after all, that worker revolts paved
- the way for the communist uprising.
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- The communist establishment adamantly opposes another name
- swap. Reluctant to rally behind the widely discredited Lenin,
- apparatchiks have focused their argument on the dubious notion
- that a rechristening would dishonor the martyrs of the brutal
- siege of Leningrad, in which the city withstood a Nazi blockade
- for 900 days without falling. Functionaries also complain that
- altering the city's name on street signs, documents and official
- insignia would cost 150 million rubles.
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- The voters want Lenin excised, nonetheless, in the
- well-established Soviet tradition of exorcising demons of the
- past by rewriting place names. The city of Lugansk has
- flip-flopped titles four times: Stalin made it Voroshilovgrad,
- after Marshal Kliment Voroshilov; Khrushchev restored the
- original name in his anti-Stalin campaign; his successors --
- deciding that purge had gone too far -- changed it back to
- Voroshilovgrad; and finally (well, at least for now), the city
- is called Lugansk again.
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- Still, Leningraders may not get their wish. The Russian
- parliament must approve the change, and the Supreme Soviet
- insists that it will have the last word, in this case nyet. Come
- what may, nothing is likely to change the way the city's
- dwellers refer to their hometown. They have always called it,
- simply and affectionately, Peter.
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